Yeah, the L1 pin looks destroyed. Good to know you can at least get L1 and DC charging. I do not know all of the ways to destroy a J1772 pin, but I'm guessing it could caused by dirt on the pin or a faulty EVSE plug or EVSE circuitry. You might want to look at all of your regular charging station plugs and look for similar damage. You will either need to get those stations repaired or get new ones. One of the quirks of the e-Golf is that it does not fully implement the J1772 standard so if you pulled out a charging plug with a broken locking pin while the car was still charging, you probably got a good spark at the L1 pin. In the future if you happen to use a plug with a broken locking pin, be sure charging has stopped: unlock the car and pull the plug out within 5 seconds.
As for the vehicle inlet, I do not believe it is an easy DIY job. Both the AC and DC connections route through the inlet, so you would need to uncouple the battery before doing any work, and even then, I have no idea how do it. You might be able to find instructions somewhere but I do not have knowledge about where to find instructions. Unfortunately, I think the dealer (or an independent mechanic familiar with EVs who can do the job) is your best bet. This will not be a cheap job, I suspect.